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Dinosaurs Escape From Jurassic Park

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Summary of article content: Articles about Công Viên Kỷ Jura (1993) – IMDb Jurassic Park: Directed by Steven Spielberg. With Sam Neill, Laura Dern, Jeff Goldblum, Richard Attenborough. A pragmatic paleontologist touring an almost … …
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Contents

Plot[edit]

Cast[edit]

Production[edit]

Music[edit]

Marketing[edit]

Release[edit]

Reception[edit]

Legacy[edit]

Future[edit]

Jurassic Park (film)

1993 film directed by Steven Spielberg

Jurassic Park is a 1993 American science fiction action film[4] directed by Steven Spielberg and produced by Kathleen Kennedy and Gerald R. Molen. It is the first installment in the Jurassic Park franchise, and the first film in the Jurassic Park original trilogy, and is based on the 1990 novel of the same name by Michael Crichton and a screenplay written by Crichton and David Koepp. The film is set on the fictional island of Isla Nublar, located off Central America’s Pacific Coast near Costa Rica. There, wealthy businessman John Hammond and a team of genetic scientists have created a wildlife park of de-extinct dinosaurs. When industrial sabotage leads to a catastrophic shutdown of the park’s power facilities and security precautions, a small group of visitors and Hammond’s grandchildren struggle to survive and escape the perilous island.

Before Crichton’s novel was published, four studios put in bids for its film rights. With the backing of Universal Studios, Spielberg acquired the rights for $1.5 million before its publication in 1990; Crichton was hired for an additional $500,000 to adapt the novel for the screen. Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel’s exposition and violence and made numerous changes to the characters. Filming took place in California and Hawaii from August to November 1992, and post-production rolled until May 1993, supervised by Spielberg in Poland as he filmed Schindler’s List. The dinosaurs were created with groundbreaking computer-generated imagery by Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) and with life-sized animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston’s team. To showcase the film’s sound design, which included a mixture of various animal noises for the dinosaur roars, Spielberg invested in the creation of DTS, a company specializing in digital surround sound formats. The film also underwent an extensive $65 million marketing campaign, which included licensing deals with over 100 companies.

Jurassic Park premiered on June 9, 1993, at the Uptown Theater in Washington, D.C., and was released on June 11 in the United States. It went on to gross over $914 million worldwide in its original theatrical run,[5] becoming the highest-grossing film ever at the time, a record held until the release of Titanic in 1997. It received positive reviews from critics, who praised its special effects and Spielberg’s direction.[6] Following its 20th anniversary re-release in 2013, Jurassic Park became the oldest film in history to surpass $1 billion in ticket sales and the seventeenth overall. The film won more than twenty awards, including three Academy Awards for its technical achievements in visual effects and sound design. In 2018, it was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant”. The film was followed by five sequels – The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997), Jurassic Park III (2001), Jurassic World (2015), Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018), and Jurassic World Dominion (2022).

Plot [ edit ]
Industrialist John Hammond has created a theme park of cloned dinosaurs, Jurassic Park, on tropical Isla Nublar. After a dinosaur handler is killed by a Velociraptor, the park’s investors, represented by lawyer Donald Gennaro, demand a safety certification. Gennaro invites mathematician Ian Malcolm, while Hammond invites paleontologist Alan Grant and paleobotanist Ellie Sattler. Upon arrival, the group is shocked to see a live Brachiosaurus.

At the park’s visitor center, the group learns that the cloning was accomplished by extracting dinosaur DNA from prehistoric mosquitoes preserved in amber. DNA from frogs was used to fill in gaps in the genome of the dinosaurs, and to prevent breeding, all the dinosaurs were made female by direct chromosome manipulation. The group witnesses the hatching of a baby Velociraptor and visits the raptor enclosure. During lunch, the group debates the ethics of cloning and the creation of the park; Malcolm warns about the implications of genetic engineering and scoffs at the park’s conceptualization, saying that it will inevitably break down.

Hammond’s grandchildren, Lex and Tim Murphy, join for a tour of the park, while Hammond oversees from the control room. The tour does not go as planned, with most of the dinosaurs failing to appear and the group encountering a sick Triceratops; it is cut short as a tropical storm approaches. Most of the park employees leave for the mainland on a boat while the visitors return to their electric tour vehicles, except Sattler, who stays behind with the park’s veterinarian to study the Triceratops.

Jurassic Park’s disgruntled lead computer programmer, Dennis Nedry, has been bribed by Dodgson, a man working for Hammond’s corporate rival, to steal fertilized dinosaur embryos. Nedry deactivates the park’s security system to gain access to the embryo storage room and stores the embryos inside a container disguised as a shaving cream can. Nedry’s sabotage also cuts power to the tour vehicles, stranding them just as they near the park’s Tyrannosaurus rex paddock. Most of the park’s electric fences are also deactivated, allowing the Tyrannosaurus to escape and attack the group. After the Tyrannosaurus overturns a tour vehicle, it injures Malcolm and devours Gennaro, while Grant, Lex and Tim escape. On his way to deliver the embryos to the island’s docks, Nedry becomes lost in the rain, crashes his Jeep Wrangler, and is killed by a Dilophosaurus.

Sattler helps the game warden, Robert Muldoon, search for survivors; they only find an injured Malcolm, just before the Tyrannosaurus returns and chases them away. Grant, Tim, and Lex take shelter in a treetop, and encounter a Brachiosaurus. They later discover the broken shells of dinosaur eggs, and Grant concludes that the dinosaurs have been breeding, which occurred because of their frog DNA—some West African frogs can change their sex in a single-sex environment, allowing the dinosaurs to do so as well.

Unable to decipher Nedry’s code to reactivate the security system, Hammond and chief engineer Ray Arnold reboot the park’s system. The group shuts down the park’s grid and retreats to an emergency bunker, while Arnold heads to a maintenance shed to complete the rebooting process. When Arnold fails to return, Sattler and Muldoon head to the shed. They discover the shutdown has deactivated the remaining fences and released the Velociraptors. Muldoon distracts the raptors, while Sattler goes to turn the power back on, before being attacked by a raptor and discovering Arnold’s severed arm. Meanwhile, Muldoon is caught off-guard and killed by the other two raptors.

Grant, Tim and Lex reach the visitor center. Grant heads out to look for Sattler, leaving Tim and Lex inside. Tim and Lex are pursued by the raptors in a kitchen, but they escape and join Grant and Sattler, who have returned. The group reaches the control room and Lex uses Nedry’s computer to restore the park’s power, allowing them to call Hammond, who calls for help. As they try to escape by the front entrance, they are cornered by the raptors, but they escape when the Tyrannosaurus appears and kills the raptors. Hammond arrives in a jeep with Malcolm, and the group boards a helicopter to leave the island.

Cast [ edit ]
Richard Kiley has a cameo appearance as the voice of the Jurassic Park tour vehicle guide.

Production [ edit ]
Development [ edit ]
Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a graduate student who recreates a dinosaur. He continued to wrestle with his fascination with dinosaurs and cloning until he began writing the novel Jurassic Park.[7] Before its publication, Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989, while he was discussing a screenplay with Crichton that would become the television series ER. Spielberg recognized what really fascinated him about Jurassic Park was it was “a really credible look at how dinosaurs might someday be brought back alongside modern mankind”, going beyond a simple monster movie.[9]
Before the book was published, Crichton had demanded a non-negotiable fee of $1.5 million for the film rights and a substantial percentage of the gross. Warner Bros. and Tim Burton, Columbia Pictures and Richard Donner, and 20th Century Fox and Joe Dante bid for the rights, but Universal Studios eventually acquired them in May 1990 for Spielberg.[10] After completing Hook, Spielberg wanted to film Schindler’s List. Sid Sheinberg, president of Music Corporation of America (Universal Pictures’s parent company at the time) gave the green light to Schindler’s List on the condition Spielberg make Jurassic Park first. He said later by choosing a creature-driven thriller, he wanted to try to make a good sequel to Jaws, on land. Spielberg also cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park, specifically Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made him and viewers believe it was really happening.

To create the dinosaurs, Spielberg thought of hiring Bob Gurr, who designed a giant mechanical King Kong for Universal Studios Hollywood’s King Kong Encounter. Upon reflection, he felt life-sized dinosaurs would be too expensive and not at all convincing. Instead Spielberg sought the best effects supervisors in Hollywood. He brought in Stan Winston to create the animatronic dinosaurs; Phil Tippett (credited as Dinosaur Supervisor) to create go motion dinosaurs for long shots; Michael Lantieri to supervise the on-set effects; and Dennis Muren of Industrial Light & Magic (ILM) to do the digital compositing. Paleontologist Jack Horner supervised the designs,[14] to help fulfill Spielberg’s desire to portray the dinosaurs as animals rather than monsters. Certain concepts about dinosaurs, like the theory they evolved into birds and had very little in common with lizards, were followed. This prompted the removal of the raptors’ flicking tongues in Tippett’s early animatics,[15] as Horner complained it was implausible.[16] Winston’s department created fully detailed models of the dinosaurs before molding latex skins, which were fitted over complex robotics. Tippett created stop-motion animatics of the raptors in the kitchen and the Tyrannosaurus attacking the car. Despite go motion’s attempts at motion blurs, Spielberg found the end results unsatisfactory for a live-action feature film. Muren told Spielberg he thought the dinosaurs could be built using computer-generated imagery; the director asked him to prove it.[15] ILM animators Mark Dippé and Steve Williams developed a computer-generated walk cycle for the T. rex skeleton and were approved to do more. When Spielberg and Tippett saw an animatic of the T. rex chasing a herd of Gallimimus, Spielberg said, “You’re out of a job”, to which Tippett replied, “Don’t you mean extinct?”[15] Spielberg later injected this exchange into the script, as a conversation between Malcolm and Grant. Although no go motion was used, Tippett and his animators were still used by the production to supervise dinosaur movement. Tippett acted as a consultant for dinosaur anatomy, and his stop motion animators were re-trained as computer animators.[15] The animatics made by Tippett’s team were also used, along with the storyboards, as a reference for what would be shot during the action sequences.[19] ILM’s artists were sent on private tours to the local animal park, so they could study large animals – rhinos, elephants, alligators, and giraffes – up close. They also took mime classes to aid in understanding movements.[20]
Writing [ edit ]
Tyrannosaurus published by [21] 1917 skeletal diagram ofpublished by Henry Fairfield Osborn , which was the basis of the novel’s cover, and subsequently the logo of the movies.

Universal paid Crichton a further $500,000 to adapt his own novel,[22] which he had finished by the time Spielberg was filming Hook. Crichton noted that because the book was “fairly long” his script had about 10 to 20 percent of the novel’s content; scenes were dropped for budgetary and practical reasons, and the violence was toned down.[23] Malia Scotch Marmo began a script rewrite in October 1991 over a five-month period, merging Ian Malcolm with Alan Grant.

Spielberg wanted another writer to rework the script, so Universal president Casey Silver recommended David Koepp, co-writer of Death Becomes Her.[25] Koepp started afresh from Marmo’s draft, and used Spielberg’s idea of a cartoon shown to the visitors to remove much of the exposition that fills Crichton’s novel. While Koepp tried to avoid excessive character detail “because whenever they started talking about their personal lives, you couldn’t care less”,[27] he tried to flesh out the characters and make for a more colorful cast, with moments such as Malcolm flirting with Sattler leading to Grant’s jealousy.[9] Some characterizations were changed from the novel. Hammond went from being a ruthless businessman to a kindly old man, because Spielberg identified with Hammond’s obsession with showmanship. He also switched the characters of Tim and Lex; in the book, Tim is aged eleven and interested in computers, and Lex is only seven or eight and interested in sports. Spielberg did this because he wanted to work with the younger Joseph Mazzello, and it allowed him to introduce the sub-plot of Lex’s adolescent crush on Grant. Koepp changed Grant’s relationship with the children, making him hostile to them initially to allow for more character development.

Two scenes from the book were ultimately excised. Spielberg removed the opening sequence with Procompsognathus attacking a young child as he found it too horrific.[30] For budgetary reasons Koepp cut the T. rex chasing Grant and the children down a river before being tranquilized by Muldoon. Both parts were included in film sequels. Spielberg suggested adding the scene where the T. rex pursues a jeep, which at first only had the characters driving away after hearing the dinosaur’s footsteps.[31]
Casting [ edit ]
William Hurt was initially offered the role of Alan Grant, but turned it down without reading the script.[32] Harrison Ford was also offered the role of Grant,[33] before Sam Neill was ultimately cast three or four weeks before filming began. Neill said “it all happened real quick. I hadn’t read the book, knew nothing about it, hadn’t heard anything about it, and in a matter of weeks I’m working with Spielberg”.[34] Janet Hirshenson, the film’s casting director, felt Jeff Goldblum would be the right choice to play Ian Malcolm after reading the novel. Jim Carrey also auditioned for the role. According to Hirshenson, Carrey “was terrific, too, but I think pretty quickly we all loved the idea of Jeff”.[34]
Cameron Thor had previously worked with Spielberg on Hook, and initially auditioned for the role of Malcolm, before trying out for the role of Dodgson. In the film, Dodgson gives Nedry a container disguised as a can of shaving cream that is used to transport the embryos. Thor said about his casting: “It just said ‘shaving-cream can’ in the script, so I spent endless time in a drug store to find the most photogenic. I went with Barbasol, which ended up in the movie. I was so broke that I took the can home after the audition to use it”.[35] Laura Dern was Spielberg’s first choice for the role of Ellie Sattler[34] though she was not the only actress offered the part. Robin Wright turned down the role.[36] Gwyneth Paltrow and Helen Hunt auditioned for the role of Ellie Sattler.[37] Spielberg chose to cast Wayne Knight as Dennis Nedry after seeing his acting performance in Basic Instinct.[38][39]
Ariana Richards, who plays Lex Murphy, said: “I was called into a casting office, and they just wanted me to scream. I heard later on that Steven had watched a few girls on tape that day, and I was the only one who ended up waking his sleeping wife on the couch, and she came running through the hallway to see if the kids were all right”.[34] Christina Ricci also auditioned for the role.[40] Joseph Mazzello had screen-tested for a role in Hook, but was deemed too young. Spielberg promised him they would work together on a future film.[34] Sean Connery was considered for the role of John Hammond before Richard Attenborough was chosen.[41]
Filming [ edit ]
After 25 months of pre-production, filming began on August 24, 1992, on the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi. While the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica were considered as locations, given they are the novel’s settings, Spielberg’s concerns over infrastructure and accessibility made him choose a place where he had already worked.[9] The three-week shoot involved various daytime exteriors for Isla Nublar’s forests.[10] On September 11, Hurricane Iniki passed directly over Kauaʻi, costing a day of shooting. Several of the storm scenes from the film are of actual footage shot during the hurricane. The scheduled shoot of the Gallimimus chase was moved to Kualoa Ranch on the island of Oahu. One of the early scenes had to be created by digitally animating a still shot of scenery. The opening scene was shot in Haiku, on the island of Maui,[44] with additional scenes filmed on the “forbidden island” of Niihau.[45] The exterior of the Visitor Center was a large façade constructed on the grounds of the Valley House Plantation Estate in Kauai.[46] Samuel L. Jackson was to film a lengthy death scene where his character is chased and killed by raptors, but the set was destroyed by Hurricane Iniki.[35]
By mid-September, the crew moved to California,[15] to shoot the raptors in the kitchen at Stage 24 of the Universal studio lot.[10] Given the kitchen set was filled with reflective surfaces, cinematographer Dean Cundey had to carefully plan the illumination while also using black cloths to hide the light reflections.[19] The crew also shot the scenes involving the power supply on Stage 23, before going on location to Red Rock Canyon for the Montana dig scenes. The crew returned to Universal to shoot Grant’s rescue of Tim, using a fifty-foot prop with hydraulic wheels for the car fall, and the Brachiosaurus encounter. The crew filmed scenes for the Park’s labs and control room, which used animations for the computers lent by Silicon Graphics and Apple. While Crichton’s book features electric-powered Toyota Land Cruisers as the tour cars in Jurassic Park, Spielberg made a deal with the Ford Motor Company, who provided seven Ford Explorers.[50] The Explorers were modified by ILM’s crew and veteran customizer George Barris to create the illusion they were autonomous cars by hiding the driver in the car’s trunk.[51] Barris also customized the Jeep Wranglers featured in the production.[52]
The crew moved to Warner Bros. Studios’ Stage 16 to shoot the T. rex’s attack on the LSX powered SUVs. Shooting proved frustrating because when water soaked the foam rubber skin of the animatronic dinosaur, it caused the T. rex to shake and quiver from the extra weight when the foam absorbed it. This forced Stan Winston’s crew to dry the model with shammys between takes. On the set, Malcolm distracting the dinosaur with a flare was included at Jeff Goldblum’s suggestion. He felt a heroic action was better than going by the script, where like Gennaro, Malcolm was scared and ran away.[19] The ripples in the glass of water caused by the T. rex’s footsteps were inspired by Spielberg listening to Earth, Wind and Fire in his car, and the vibrations the bass rhythm caused. Lantieri was unsure how to create the shot until the night before filming when he put a glass of water on a guitar he was playing, which achieved the concentric circles in the water Spielberg wanted. The next morning, guitar strings were put inside the car and a man on the floor plucked them to achieve the effect.[54] Back at Universal, the crew filmed scenes with the Dilophosaurus on Stage 27. Finally, the shoot finished on Stage 12, with the climactic chases with the raptors in the Park’s computer rooms and Visitor’s Center. Spielberg changed the climax to bring back the T. rex, abandoning the original ending where Grant uses a platform machine to maneuver a raptor into a fossil tyrannosaur’s jaws. The scene, which already included the juxtaposition of live dinosaurs in a museum filled with fossils, while also destroying the bones, now had an ending where the T. rex saved the protagonists, and afterwards made what Spielberg described as a “King Kong roar” while an ironic banner reading “When Dinosaurs Ruled the Earth” flew.[19] The film wrapped twelve days ahead of schedule on November 30,[57] and within days, editor Michael Kahn had a rough cut ready, allowing Spielberg to go ahead with filming Schindler’s List.

Dinosaurs on screen [ edit ]
Tyrannosaurus rex on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.[59] The life-sized animatronic on the set. It is the largest sculpture ever made by Stan Winston Studio.

Despite the title of the film’s referencing the Jurassic period, Brachiosaurus and Dilophosaurus are the only dinosaurs featured that actually lived during that time; the other species featured did not exist until the Cretaceous period.[60] This is acknowledged in the film during a scene where Dr. Grant describes the ferocity of the Velociraptor to a young boy, saying: “Try to imagine yourself in the Cretaceous period …”[61]
The “Dinosaur Input Device” raptor used for the film.

Special effects work continued on the film, with Tippett’s unit adjusting to new technology with Dinosaur Input Devices:[79] models which fed information into computers to allow them to animate the characters like stop motion puppets. In addition, they acted out scenes with the raptors and Gallimimus. As well as the computer-generated dinosaurs, ILM also created elements such as water splashing and digital face replacement for Ariana Richards’ stunt double.[15] Compositing the dinosaurs onto the live action scenes took around an hour. Rendering the dinosaurs often took two to four hours per frame, and rendering the T. rex in the rain took six hours per frame.[80]
Spielberg monitored their progress from Poland during the filming of Schindler’s List, and had teleconferences four times a week with ILM’s crew. The director described working simultaneously in two vastly different productions as “a bipolar experience”, where he used “every ounce of intuition on Schindler’s List and every ounce of craft on Jurassic Park”.[68] Some of the software used to create dinosaurs and other visual effects was Pixar’s RenderMan and Softimage 3D.[82][83] Industrial Light & Magic also used the program Viewpaint, which allowed the visual effects artists to paint color and texture directly onto the surface of the computer models.[84]
Along with the digital effects, Spielberg wanted the film to be the first with digital sound. He funded the creation of DTS (Digital Theater Systems), which allows audiences to “really hear the movie the way it was intended to be heard”.[68] The sound effects crew, supervised by George Lucas, were finished by the end of April. Sound designer Gary Rydstrom considered it a fun process, given the film had all kinds of noise—animal sounds, rain, gunshots, car crashes—and at times no music. During the process, Spielberg would take the weekends to fly from Poland to Paris, where he would meet Rydstrom to see the sound progress.[68] Former ILM CG Animator Steve “Spaz” Williams said that it took nearly a year for the shots that involved computer-generated dinosaurs to be completed.[86] Jurassic Park was finally completed on May 28, 1993.

Music [ edit ]
John Williams began scoring the film at the end of February, and it was recorded a month later. Alexander Courage and John Neufeld provided the score’s orchestrations. As with Close Encounters of the Third Kind, another Spielberg film he scored, Williams felt he needed to write “pieces that would convey a sense of ‘awe’ and fascination” given it dealt with the “overwhelming happiness and excitement” that would emerge from seeing live dinosaurs. In turn more suspenseful scenes such as the Tyrannosaurus attack required frightening themes.[87] The first soundtrack album was released on May 25, 1993.[88] For the 20th anniversary of the film’s release, a new soundtrack was issued for digital download on April 9, 2013, including four bonus tracks personally selected by Williams.[89]
Marketing [ edit ]
Universal took the lengthy pre-production period to carefully plan the Jurassic Park marketing campaign. It cost $65 million and included deals with 100 companies to market 1,000 products.[90] These included: three Jurassic Park video games by Sega and Ocean Software;[91] a toy line by Kenner distributed by Hasbro;[92] McDonald’s “Dino-Sized meals”; and a novelization for young children.[93]
The film’s trailers provided only a fleeting glimpse of the dinosaurs,[94] a tactic journalist Josh Horowitz described as “that old Spielberg axiom of never revealing too much” after Spielberg and director Michael Bay did the same for their production of Transformers in 2007.[95] The film was marketed with the tagline “An Adventure 65 Million Years in the Making”. This was a joke Spielberg made on set about the genuine, thousands of years old mosquito in amber used for Hammond’s walking stick.[96]
Release [ edit ]
Theatrical [ edit ]
Jurassic Park was premiered at the Uptown Theater (Washington, D.C.) on June 9, 1993,[97][98] in support of two children’s charities.[99] The film had previews on 1,412 screens starting at 9:30 pm EDT on Thursday, June 10, and officially opened on Friday in 2,404 theater locations and an estimated 3,400 screens.[100][101] Following the film’s release, a traveling exhibition called “The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park” began, showcasing dinosaur skeletons and film props.[103] The film began its international release on June 25, in Brazil before further openings in South America and then rolling out around most of the rest of the world from July 16 until October.[104] The United Kingdom premiere helped save the Lyric Theatre in Carmarthen, Wales from closure, an event chronicled in the 2022 film Save the Cinema.[105]
In anticipation of the Blu-ray release, Jurassic Park had a digital print released in UK cinemas on September 23, 2011.[106] It wound up grossing £245,422 ($786,021) from 276 theaters, finishing at eleventh on the weekend box office list.[107]
Poster for the 2013 3D re-release

Two years later, on the 20th anniversary of Jurassic Park, a 3D version of the film was released in cinemas.[108] Spielberg declared that he had produced the film with a sort of “subconscious 3D”, as scenes feature animals walking toward the cameras and some effects of foreground and background overlay.[109] In 2011, he stated in an interview that Jurassic Park was the only one of his works he had considered for a conversion.[110] Once he saw the 3D version of Titanic in 2012, he liked the new look of the film so much that he hired the same retrofitting company, Stereo D. Spielberg and cinematographer Janusz Kamiński closely supervised the nine-month process in-between the production of Lincoln.[109][111] Stereo D executive Aaron Parry said the conversion was an evolution of what the company had done with Titanic, “being able to capitalize on everything we learned with Jim on Titanic and take it into a different genre and movie, and one with so many technical achievements”. The studio had the help of ILM, which contributed some elements and updated effects shots for a better visual enhancement.[112] It opened in the United States and seven other territories on April 5, 2013,[113] with other countries receiving the re-release over the following six months.[114] In 2018, the film was re-released in select theaters to celebrate its 25th anniversary.[115][116][117]
Home media [ edit ]
Jurassic Park was first released on VHS and LaserDisc on October 4, 1994.[118] With 17 million units sold,[119] Jurassic Park is the fifth best-selling VHS tape ever.[120] Three years later, a THX certified Widescreen VHS was released on September 9, 1997.[121]
The film was also first released as a Collector’s Edition DVD and VHS on October 10, 2000, in both Widescreen (1.85:1) and Full Screen (1.33:1) versions, and as part of a box set with the sequel The Lost World: Jurassic Park and both movies’ soundtrack albums.[122][123] It was the 13th best-selling DVD of 2000 counting both versions, finishing the year with 910,000 units sold.[124] Following the release of Jurassic Park III, a new box set with all the films called Jurassic Park Trilogy was released on December 11, 2001; it was re-released on VHS and DVD as part of its 15th anniversary on October 8, 2004.[125] It was repackaged as Jurassic Park Adventure Pack on November 29, 2005.[126]
The trilogy was released on Blu-ray on October 25, 2011,[127] debuting at number five on the Blu-ray charts,[128] and nominated as the best release of the year by both the Las Vegas Film Critics Society[129] and the Saturn Awards.[130] In 2012, Jurassic Park was among twenty-five films chosen by Universal for a box set celebrating the studio’s 100th anniversary,[131] while also receiving a standalone 100th anniversary Blu-ray featuring an augmented reality cover.[132] The following year, the 20th anniversary 3D conversion was issued on Blu-ray 3D.[133]
Jurassic Park, along with its sequels The Lost World and Jurassic Park III, were added to the Netflix streaming service in June 2016.[134][135]
The film, alongside The Lost World, Jurassic Park III and Jurassic World, was released as part of a 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray box set on May 22, 2018, in honor of the original film’s 25th anniversary.[136]
Television premiere [ edit ]
Jurassic Park was broadcast on television for the first time on May 7, 1995, following the April 26 airing of The Making of Jurassic Park.[137] Some 68.12 million people tuned in to watch, garnering NBC a 36 percent share of all available viewers that night. Jurassic Park was the highest-rated theatrical film broadcast on television by any network since the April 1987 airing of Trading Places.[138] In June–July 1995 the film was aired a number of times on the Turner Network Television (TNT) network.[138]
Reception [ edit ]
Box office [ edit ]
Jurassic Park became the highest-grossing film released worldwide up to that time, replacing Spielberg’s own E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982).[139] It grossed $3.1 million from Thursday night screenings in the United States and Canada on June 10, and $50.1 million in its first weekend from 2,404 theaters, breaking the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns the year before.[101] The film would hold that record for two years until 1995 when Batman Forever took it.[140] Upon opening, it became the first film to generate $50 million in a single weekend.[141] By the end of its first week, Jurassic Park had grossed a record $81.7 million,[142] and remained at number one for three weeks. It eventually grossed $357 million in the U.S. and Canada, ranking second of all-time behind E.T.[143][144] Box Office Mojo estimates the film sold over 86.2 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[145]
The film also did very well in international markets and was the first to gross $500 million overseas, surpassing the record $280 million overseas gross of E.T.[146][147] It broke opening records around the world including in the United Kingdom, Japan, India, South Korea, Mexico, Germany, Australia, Taiwan, Italy, Denmark, South Africa and France.[148][149][150][151] In Japan, Jurassic Park grossed $8.4 million from 237 screens in two days (including previews).[148] In the United Kingdom, it also beat the opening weekend record set by Batman Returns with a gross of £4.875 million ($7.4 million) from 434 screens, including £443,000 from Thursday night previews, and also beat Terminator 2: Judgment Day’s opening week record, with £9.2 million.[148][152][153][154] After just three weeks, it became the highest-grossing film of all-time in the UK surpassing Ghost, eventually doubling the record with a gross of £47.9 million.[155][156] Jurassic Park would remain as Europe’s box office leader before being surpassed by Aladdin.[157] In Australia, the film had the widest release ever and was the first film to open with a one-day gross of more than A$1 million, grossing A$5,447,000 (US$3.6 million) in its first four days from 192 screens beating the opening record of Terminator 2 and also beating the weekly record set by The Bodyguard with a gross of A$6.8 million.[158][159][149] In the same weekend, it also set an opening record in Germany with a gross of DM 16.8 million ($10.5 million) from 644 screens.[149][158] In Italy, it also had the widest release ever in 344 theaters and grossed a record Lire 9.5 billion ($6.1 million).[150] It eventually opened in France on October 20, 1993, and grossed a record 75 million F ($13 million) in its opening week from over 515 screens.[160][151]
The film set all-time records in, among others, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Israel, Japan (in US Dollars), Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, the Philippines, Singapore, Spain, Thailand and the United Kingdom.[104][161][162][147][163][164] Ultimately the film grossed $914 million worldwide in its initial release,[5] with Spielberg reportedly earning over $250 million from the film, the most a director or actor had earned from one film at the time.[104] Its record gross was surpassed in 1998 by Titanic, the first film to gross over $1 billion.[166]
The 3D re-release of Jurassic Park in April 2013 opened at fourth place at the US box office, with $18.6 million from 2,771 locations. IMAX showings accounted for over $6 million, with the 32 percent being the highest IMAX share ever for a nationwide release.[167] The international release had its most successful weekend in the last week of August, when it managed to climb to the top of the overseas box office with a $28.8 million debut in China.[168] The reissue earned $45.4 million in the United States and Canada and $44.5 million internationally as of August 2013 ,[169] leading to a lifetime gross of $402.5 million in the United States and Canada and $628.7 million overseas, for a worldwide gross of $1.029 billion, making Jurassic Park the 17th film to surpass the $1 billion mark.[170] It was the only Universal Pictures film to surpass the $1 billion mark until 2015, when the studio had three such films, Furious 7, Minions, and the fourth installment of the Jurassic Park franchise, Jurassic World.[171] The film earned an additional $374,238 in 2018 for its 25th anniversary re-release.[172] In June 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic closing most theaters worldwide and limiting what films played, Jurassic Park returned to 230 theaters (mostly drive-ins). It grossed $517,600, finishing in first for the fourth time in its history. It became the first time a re-issue topped the box office since The Lion King in September 2011.[173] It currently ranks as the 37th highest-grossing film of all time in the United States and Canada (not adjusted for inflation) and the 40th highest-grossing film of all time.[2]
Critical response [ edit ]
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively reported an approval rating of 92% based on 130 reviews, with an average rating of 8.40/10. The site’s critical consensus reads: “Jurassic Park is a spectacle of special effects and life-like animatronics, with some of Spielberg’s best sequences of sustained awe and sheer terror since Jaws”.[174] Metacritic gave the film a weighted average score of 68 out of 100, based on reviews from 20 critics, indicating “generally favorable reviews”.[175] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of “A” on an A+ to F scale.[176]
Janet Maslin of The New York Times called it “a true movie milestone, presenting awe- and fear-inspiring sights never before seen on the screen […] On paper, this story is tailor-made for Mr. Spielberg’s talents [but] [i]t becomes less crisp on screen than it was on the page, with much of the enjoyable jargon either mumbled confusingly or otherwise thrown away”.[177] In Rolling Stone, Peter Travers described the film as “colossal entertainment—the eye-popping, mind-bending, kick-out-the-jams thrill ride of summer and probably the year […] Compared with the dinos, the characters are dry bones, indeed. Crichton and co-screenwriter David Koepp have flattened them into nonentities on the trip from page to screen”.[178] Roger Ebert gave the film three stars out of four: “The movie delivers all too well on its promise to show us dinosaurs. We see them early and often, and they are indeed a triumph of special effects artistry, but the movie is lacking other qualities that it needs even more, such as a sense of awe and wonderment, and strong human story values”.[179] Henry Sheehan of Sight & Sound argued: “The complaints over Jurassic Park’s lack of story and character sound a little off the point”, pointing out the story arc of Grant learning to protect Hammond’s grandchildren despite his initial dislike of them. Empire magazine gave the film five stars, hailing it as “quite simply one of the greatest blockbusters of all time”.[180]
Accolades [ edit ]
In March 1994, Jurassic Park won all three Academy Awards for which it was nominated: Best Sound Editing, Best Sound Mixing, and Best Visual Effects (at the same ceremony, Spielberg, editor Michael Kahn, and composer John Williams won Academy Awards for Schindler’s List). The film won honors outside the U.S. including the 1994 BAFTA for Best Special Effects, as well as the Award for the Public’s Favorite Film.[181] It won the 1994 Hugo Award for Best Dramatic Presentation,[182] and the 1993 Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film, Best Direction, Best Writing for Crichton and Koepp and Best Special Effects.[183] The film won the 1993 People’s Choice Awards for Favorite All-Around Motion Picture.[184] Young Artist Awards were given to Ariana Richards and Joseph Mazzello, with the film winning an Outstanding Action/Adventure Family Motion Picture award.[185] In 2001, the American Film Institute ranked Jurassic Park as the 35th most thrilling film of American cinema.[186] The film is included in the book 1001 Movies You Must See Before You Die,[187] film lists by Empire magazine,[188] and The Guardian.[189]
Legacy [ edit ]
Since its release, Jurassic Park has frequently been cited by film critics and industry professionals as one of the greatest movies of the action and thriller genres. The movie is also an example of a techno-thriller.[206] The American Film Institute named Jurassic Park the 35th-most thrilling film of all time on June 13, 2001.[207] On Empire magazine’s 15th anniversary in 2004, it judged Jurassic Park the sixth-most influential film in the magazine’s lifetime.[208] Empire called the first encounter with a Brachiosaurus the 28th-most magical moment in cinema.[209] In 2008, an Empire poll of readers, filmmakers, and critics also rated it one of the 500 greatest films of all time.[210] On Film Review’s 55th anniversary in 2005, it declared the film to be one of the five most important in the magazine’s lifetime.[211] In 2006, IGN ranked Jurassic Park as the 19th-greatest film franchise ever.[212] In a 2010 poll, the readers of Entertainment Weekly rated it the greatest summer movie of the previous 20 years.[213]
The popularity of the movie led the management of the National Basketball Association expansion franchise founded in Toronto in 1995 to adopt the nickname Raptors.[214] In addition, during the team’s playoff games, fans watch the game on a large television in a fan area outside the arena, which has been nicknamed Jurassic Park.[215] The film is seen as giving rise to the “Jurassic Park” generation, to young people inspired to become paleontologists and to a surge in discoveries about dinosaurs in real life.[216]
Jurassic Park’s biggest impact on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery.[217][218][219] The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects.[220][221][222] Film historian Tom Shone commented on the film’s innovation and influence, saying that “in its way, Jurassic Park heralded a revolution in movies as profound as the coming of sound in 1927”.[223] Many filmmakers saw Jurassic Park’s effects as a realization that many of their visions, previously thought unfeasible or too expensive, were now possible.[208] ILM owner George Lucas, realizing the success of creating realistic live dinosaurs by his own company, started to make the Star Wars prequels;[225] Stanley Kubrick decided to invest in pet project A.I. Artificial Intelligence, to which he would later bring Spielberg to direct;[208] and Peter Jackson began to re-explore his childhood love of fantasy films, a path that led him to The Lord of the Rings and King Kong.[226] Jurassic Park has also inspired films and documentaries with dinosaurs such as the American adaptation of Godzilla, Dinosaur from the Deep, Carnosaur (in which Laura Dern’s mother Diane Ladd starred), Dinosaur Island and Walking with Dinosaurs.[208] Stan Winston, enthusiastic about the new technology pioneered by the film, joined with IBM and director James Cameron to form a new special effects company, Digital Domain.[227] In 2018, Jurassic Park was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant”.[228][229][230]
Future [ edit ]
After the enormous success of the film, Spielberg asked Crichton to write a sequel novel, leading to the 1995 book The Lost World.[231] This, in turn, was adapted as the film The Lost World: Jurassic Park. Released in May 1997, it was directed by Spielberg and written by David Koepp.[232] Another film, Jurassic Park III, was released in July 2001, under the direction of Joe Johnston, with Spielberg as executive producer. It featured an original script that incorporated unused elements from Crichton’s original Jurassic Park.[233] A fourth installment, Jurassic World, was released in theaters in June 2015. Spielberg again produced, with Colin Trevorrow directing a script he wrote with Derek Connolly.[234] Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, the fifth film in the franchise, was released in June 2018, with Spielberg as producer once more and J. A. Bayona as director.[235] A sixth film, Jurassic World Dominion, was directed by Trevorrow and released in theaters in June 2022.[236]
The story of the film was continued in auxiliary media, at times even unattached to the film sequels themselves. These included a series of Jurassic Park comic books written by Steve Englehart for Topps Comics,[237] and video games such as Ocean Software’s Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues (1994), Vivendi’s Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis (2003) and Telltale Games’ Jurassic Park: The Game (2011).[91]
All of the Universal Parks & Resorts include a Jurassic Park-themed ride. The first was Jurassic Park: The Ride at Universal Studios Hollywood on June 15, 1996, built after six years of development at a cost of $110 million.[238] This attraction was replicated by Universal Studios Japan in 2001.[239] Islands of Adventure in Orlando, Florida, has an entire section of the park dedicated to Jurassic Park that includes the main ride, christened “Jurassic Park River Adventure”, and many smaller rides and attractions based on the series.[240][241] At Universal Studios Singapore, opened in 2010, the Themed Zone named “The Lost World” consists mostly of Jurassic Park rides, such as the roller coaster Canopy Flyer and the river rapids Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure.[242]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]

Jurassic Park

American science fiction media franchise

Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World,[1] is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton’s novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg’s 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013,[2] and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant”. A 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a film adaptation in 1997. Subsequent films in the series, including Jurassic Park III (2001), are not based on the novels.

In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was successful, becoming the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend,[3] and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015,[4] and is currently the seventh highest-grossing film of all time.[5] When adjusted for monetary inflation, Jurassic World is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise after Jurassic Park. A sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018,[6] and currently the 16th highest-grossing film of all time.[5] The final film in the trilogy, Jurassic World Dominion, was released in 2022. It has grossed over $960 million worldwide and is currently the second highest-grossing film of 2022.[7]
Numerous video games and comic books based on the franchise have been created since the release of the 1993 film, and several water rides have been opened at various Universal Studios theme parks. Lego has produced several animated projects based on the Jurassic World films, including Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar, a miniseries released in 2019. DreamWorks Animation also produced an animated series, Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous, which ran on Netflix from September 2020 to July 2022. As of 2000, the franchise had generated $5 billion in revenue making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.[8] The Jurassic Park franchise is also one of the highest-grossing film series of all time, having earned over $6 billion at the worldwide box office.[9]
Background [ edit ]
Premise and dinosaurs [ edit ]
The Jurassic Park franchise focuses on resurrected dinosaurs which wreak havoc on humans. The dinosaurs, created as theme park attractions, are cloned through genetic engineering. The process is accomplished by extracting ancient DNA from mosquitoes, which sucked the blood of dinosaurs and then became fossilized in amber, preserving the DNA. Scientists then fill gaps in the genome using frog DNA.[10] Although the films primarily take place on islands located in the Pacific coast of Central America, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) sees the dinosaurs relocated throughout the world, including the U.S. mainland.[11]
The film series is notable for its recreation of dinosaurs, achieved primarily through animatronics and computer-generated imagery.[12][13] The first film was praised for its dinosaur effects, and created an increased interest in the field of paleontology, while changing the public perception of dinosaurs with its modern portrayal.[14][15] Later films largely ignored recent paleontological findings to maintain continuity with the earlier installments, leading to criticism among paleontologists.[16][17][18]
Jurassic World Dominion (2022) introduces feathered dinosaurs, in line with modern discoveries.[19]
InGen [ edit ]
“inGen” redirects here. For other uses, see ingen (disambiguation)

InGen company logo in the film series. company logo in the film series.

International Genetic Technologies, Inc. (InGen) is the fictional company responsible for cloning the dinosaurs. According to the novels, it is based in Palo Alto, California, and has one location in Europe as well.[nb 1] Nevertheless, most of InGen’s research took place on the fictional islands of Isla Sorna and Isla Nublar, near Costa Rica.[nb 1][nb 2] While the first novel indicated InGen was just one of any number of small 1980s genetic engineering start-ups, the events of the novel and film revealed to a select group that InGen had discovered a method for cloning dinosaurs, which would be placed in an island theme park attraction.[nb 1]
InGen was well established in the first novel as the entity behind the park, but for simplicity the first film emphasized the Jurassic Park brand. The InGen name is visible in the film — on computer screens, helicopters, etc — but is never spoken. InGen’s corporate identity is much more prominent in the second film. By the time that Jurassic World takes place, InGen and all its intellectual property has been bought out by the Masrani Global Corporation.

Beacham’s Encyclopedia of Popular Fiction describes InGen as comparable to other “sleazy organizations”.[20] Other sources reference the company’s receiving a baby T. rex (in The Lost World: Jurassic Park) as an allusion to other exploitative entrepreneurs depicted in the 1933 film King Kong.[21] Ken Gelder describes InGen as “resolutely secretive”, like the tax firm in John Grisham’s 1991 novel The Firm.[22]
Biosyn [ edit ]
Not to be confused with Bio-Synthesis, Inc.

In the novels, Biosyn Corporation (or Biosyn for short) is InGen’s corporate rival. The company is controversial for its industrial espionage in the genetics industry. Lewis Dodgson, an employee of Biosyn, helps the company in its theft of corporate secrets. Biosyn is interested in acquiring InGen’s dinosaur DNA, believing the animals present a variety of uses such as hunting trophies and pharmaceutical test subjects.[nb 1]
Dodgson makes only a minor appearance in the first film, and his employer is not named.[23] However, Biosyn is featured in several video games.[nb 3]
The company, as Biosyn Genetics, makes its film debut in Jurassic World Dominion (2022). By the time that the film takes place, Dodgson has become the company’s CEO. Biosyn’s employees now include geneticist Dr. Henry Wu and mathematician Dr. Ian Malcolm, the latter working as the company’s in-house philosopher.[23] With dinosaurs loose around the world and captured by governments, Biosyn has a contract to house the animals at its headquarters in the Dolomites mountain range in Italy. In addition to performing pharmaceutical research on the dinosaurs, the company has also captured 14-year-old orphan Maisie Lockwood and unleashed giant locusts to devour their rivals’ crops. By the end of the film, this plot is foiled and exposed to the public.[27][28] The film’s director, Colin Trevorrow, described Biosyn not as an “evil” corporation but rather an entity with thousands of employees who have the best intentions in mind, only to feel betrayed by Dodgson upon learning of his actions.[29]
Isla Nublar [ edit ]
Isla Nublar is a fictional Central American island that serves as a major setting in the first novel and its film adaptation, as well as the films Jurassic World and Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. According to the novel, its name means “Cloud Island” in Spanish. The tropical island is located 120 miles west of Costa Rica and has an inactive volcano. In the first novel and film, Isla Nublar is the location of Jurassic Park, a dinosaur theme park proposed by InGen, but it fails to open after the animals escape. In the novel, the Costa Rican government declares the island unsafe and has it napalmed; in the film series, the island continues to exist until the Jurassic World trilogy.

In Jurassic World, the theme park idea has been carried out successfully by Masrani Global Corporation. By the end of the film however, the island is overrun by dinosaurs once more following the Indominus rex incident.

In Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, Isla Nublar is destroyed when its volcano, Mount Sibo, becomes active again and erupts.[30]
In the films, several Hawaiian islands stood in as Isla Nublar, including Oahu and Kauai.[31][32][33] Some filming also took place on sound stages, in California for the original film,[34] and in Louisiana for Jurassic World.[35]
Isla Sorna [ edit ]
Isla Sorna, also called Site B, is another fictional Central American island. It is 87 miles southwest of Isla Nublar, and 207 miles west of Costa Rica. It is the main setting for the second novel and its film adaptation, as well as the third film. Isla Sorna is where InGen conducted much of its dinosaur research. It is here that the dinosaurs were bred before being shipped off to Isla Nublar; a laboratory on the latter island was built only as a showroom for tourists. Isla Sorna is significantly larger than Isla Nublar and has various climates including tropical, highland tropical and temperate rainforest. At the end of the second film, it is stated that Isla Sorna has been set up as a biological preserve for the animals.[36] Isla Sorna is part of a five-island chain known as Las Cinco Muertes (The Five Deaths), although the other islands do not play a role in the novels or films.

The status of Isla Sorna is not mentioned in Jurassic World or Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, but a promotional website for the latter film states that the island ecosystem suffered a breakdown after illegally-cloned animals were introduced there. The surviving dinosaurs were relocated to Isla Nublar for the opening of the Jurassic World theme park, leaving Sorna abandoned.[37][36] Jurassic World Dominion shows the two adult Tyrannosaurus from Isla Sorna encountering the Tyrannosaurus from Isla Nublar. In the same movie, Ramsay Cole mentions that Isla Sorna’s dinosaurs have been relocated to BioSyn’s valley along with those from Isla Nublar that have been rounded up. The island briefly appears in video footage from 1986 shown to Maisie Lockwood by Henry Wu.

For the second film, Humboldt County, California served as the primary location for scenes set on Isla Sorna, giving it a forest climate.[38][39] Filming also took place on sound stages at Universal Studios Hollywood,[40] and a beach scene was shot on Kauai.[41][42] The third film largely uses Oahu and Kauai to represent Isla Sorna, as the original film had done for Isla Nublar. A jungle set was also built on a sound stage at Universal Studios.[43][44]
Novels [ edit ]
Jurassic World two-novel set. Cover of Michael Crichton’stwo-novel set.

Jurassic Park (1990) [ edit ]
In 1983, Michael Crichton originally conceived a screenplay about a pterosaur being cloned from fossil DNA.[45] After wrestling with this idea for a while, he came up with the story of Jurassic Park.[46] Crichton worked on the book for several years; he decided his first draft would have a theme park for the setting (similar to his 1973 film Westworld) and a young boy as the main character.[45] Response was extremely negative, so Crichton rewrote the story to make it from an adult’s point of view, which resulted in more positive feedback.[45]
Steven Spielberg learned of the novel in October 1989 while he and Crichton were discussing a screenplay that would become the TV series ER. Warner Bros. Pictures, Columbia Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Universal Pictures bid for the rights to the novel before its publication. In May 1990, Universal acquired the rights, with the backing of Spielberg’s Amblin Entertainment.[47] Crichton put up a non-negotiable fee for $1.5 million as well as a substantial percentage of the gross. Universal further paid Crichton $500,000 to adapt his own novel (Malia Scotch Marmo, who was a writer on Spielberg’s 1991 film Hook, wrote the next draft of Jurassic Park, but was not credited; David Koepp wrote the final draft, which left out much of the novel’s exposition and violence, and made numerous changes to the characters).[48] Universal desperately needed money to keep their company alive, and partially succeeded with Jurassic Park, as it became a critical[49] and commercial[50] success.

The Lost World (1995) [ edit ]
After the film adaptation of Jurassic Park was released to home video, Crichton was pressured from many sources for a sequel novel.[51] Crichton declined all offers until Spielberg himself told him that he would be keen to direct a movie adaptation of the sequel, if one were written. Crichton began work almost immediately and in 1995 published The Lost World. Crichton confirmed that his novel had elements taken from the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.[52] The book was also an outstanding success, both with professional and amateur critics.[51] The film adaptation, The Lost World: Jurassic Park, began production in September 1996.[53]
Jurassic Park Adventures (2001–2002) [ edit ]
Scott Ciencin wrote a trilogy of spin-off novels based upon Jurassic Park III. The series contained Jurassic Park Adventures: Survivor and Jurassic Park Adventures: Prey, both released in 2001, and Jurassic Park Adventures: Flyers, released the following year.

The Evolution of Claire (2018) [ edit ]
The Evolution of Claire (Jurassic World)[54] is a young adult novel written by Tess Sharpe. It is based upon the Jurassic World trilogy, and was released in 2018 in conjunction with the release of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. It is a spin-off set in 2004, prior to the opening of the Jurassic World theme park. The novel is about college freshman Claire Dearing during her summer internship at the park.[55]
Films [ edit ]
Jurassic Park trilogy [ edit ]
Jurassic Park (1993) [ edit ]
Tyrannosaurus published by Jurassic Park and The Lost World, and subsequently the logo of the movies. 1917 skeletal diagram ofpublished by Henry Fairfield Osborn , which was the basis of the covers ofand, and subsequently the logo of the movies.

Jurassic Park. Theatrical poster for the 3D re-release of

John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) is the owner of Jurassic Park, a theme park located on Isla Nublar. After an incident with a velociraptor, Hammond brings in three specialists to sign off on the park to calm investors. The specialists, paleontologist Alan Grant (Sam Neill), paleobotanist Ellie Sattler (Laura Dern), and chaos theorist Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum), are surprised to see that the island park’s main attraction are living, breathing dinosaurs, created with a mixture of fossilized DNA and genetic cross-breeding/cloning. When lead programmer Dennis Nedry (Wayne Knight) turns off the park’s power to sneak out with samples of the dinosaur embryos to sell to a corporate rival, the dinosaurs break free, and the survivors are forced to find a way to turn the power back on and make it out alive. The film also stars Bob Peck, Martin Ferrero, BD Wong, Ariana Richards, Joseph Mazzello, and Samuel L. Jackson.

Spielberg cited Godzilla as an inspiration for Jurassic Park, specifically Godzilla, King of the Monsters! (1956), which he grew up watching. During production, Spielberg described Godzilla as “the most masterful of all the dinosaur movies because it made you believe it was really happening”.[56]
Jurassic Park’s biggest impact on subsequent films was a result of its breakthrough use of computer-generated imagery.[57][58][59] The film is regarded as a landmark for visual effects.[60][61][62] It received positive reviews from critics, who praised the effects, though reactions to other elements of the picture, such as character development, were mixed. During its release, the film grossed more than $914 million worldwide,[63] becoming the most successful film released up to that time (surpassing E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial and surpassed 4 years later by Titanic), and it is currently the 17th highest grossing feature film (taking inflation into account, it is the 20th-highest-grossing film in North America). It is the most financially successful film for NBCUniversal and Steven Spielberg.

Recently, Jurassic Park has been proposed to be recognized as Intangible Geoheritage due to its cultural impact on the people’s views about dinosaurs, including a change in the popular iconography of carnivorous dinosaurs.[64]
Jurassic Park had two re-releases: The first on September 23, 2011, in the United Kingdom and the second in which it was converted into 3D on April 5, 2013, for its 20th anniversary, which resulted in the film passing the $1 billion mark at the worldwide box office.[65][66][67] In 2018, the film was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being “culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant”.[68]
The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997) [ edit ]
Before The Lost World was published, a film adaptation was already in pre-production, with its release occurring in May 1997. The film was a commercial success, breaking many box-office records when released. The film was released to mixed reviews, similar to its predecessor in terms of characterization.[69] Critical response to The Lost World has since become more favorable, with some publications calling it the best Jurassic Park sequel.[70][71] Much like the first film, The Lost World: Jurassic Park made a number of changes to the plot and characters from the book, replacing the corporate rivals with an internal power struggle and changing the roles or characterizations of several protagonists.

When a vacationing family stumbles upon the dinosaurs of Isla Sorna, a secondary island where the animals were bred en masse and allowed to grow before being transported to the park, Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) is called in by John Hammond (Richard Attenborough) to lead a team to document the island to turn it into a preserve, where the animals can roam free without interference from the outside world. Malcolm agrees to go when he discovers his girlfriend, paleontologist Sarah Harding (Julianne Moore) is already on the island, while at the same time Hammond’s nephew, Peter Ludlow (Arliss Howard), has taken over his uncle’s company and leads a team of hunters to capture the creatures and bring them back to a theme park in San Diego. The two groups clash and are ultimately forced to work together to evade the predatory creatures and survive the second island. The film also stars Pete Postlethwaite, Richard Schiff, Vince Vaughn, Vanessa Lee Chester, Peter Stormare, and a young Camilla Belle.

Jurassic Park III (2001) [ edit ]
Joe Johnston had been interested in directing the sequel to Jurassic Park and approached his friend Steven Spielberg about the project. While Spielberg wanted to direct the first sequel, he agreed that if there was ever a third film, Johnston could direct.[72] Spielberg, nevertheless, stayed involved in this film by becoming its executive producer. Production began on August 30, 2000,[73] with filming in California, and the Hawaiian islands of Kauai, Oahu, and Molokai.[74] It is the first Jurassic Park film not to be based on a novel, although it does incorporate some unused plot elements from the Crichton novels, such as the river escape and the pterosaur aviary. Jurassic Park III had a troubled production,[75] and received mixed reviews from critics.[76]
When their son goes missing while parasailing at Isla Sorna, the Kirbys (William H. Macy and Téa Leoni) hire Alan Grant (Sam Neill) under false pretenses to help them navigate the island. Believing it to be nothing more than sight-seeing, and that he will act as a dinosaur guide from the safety of their plane, he is startled to find them landing on the ground, where they are stalked by a Spinosaurus, which destroys their plane. As they search for the Kirbys’ son, the situation grows dire as Velociraptors hunt their group and they must find a way off the island. The film also stars Alessandro Nivola, Michael Jeter, Trevor Morgan, Mark Harelik, and Laura Dern.

Jurassic World trilogy [ edit ]
Jurassic World trilogy logo. Thetrilogy logo.

Jurassic World (2015) [ edit ]
Steven Spielberg devised a story idea for a fourth film in 2001, during production of Jurassic Park III.[77] In 2002, William Monahan was hired to write the script,[78] with the film’s release scheduled for 2005.[79] Early aspects of the plot included dinosaurs escaping to the mainland,[80][81][82] and an army of genetically modified dinosaur-human mercenaries.[83][84][85][86] Monahan finished the first draft of the script in 2003.[87] Sam Neill and Richard Attenborough were set to reprise their characters,[82][88] while Keira Knightley was in talks for two separate roles.[89] In 2004, John Sayles wrote two drafts of the script.[90][91] Sayles’ first draft involved a team of Deinonychus being trained for use in rescue missions.[92][93][94]
Both drafts were scrapped, and a new script was being worked on in 2006.[95][96][97] Laura Dern was contacted to reprise her role, with the film expected for release in 2008.[98][99] The film was further delayed by the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[100] Mark Protosevich wrote two film treatments in 2011, which were rejected.[101] Rise of the Planet of the Apes screenwriters Rick Jaffa and Amanda Silver were hired in 2012 to write an early draft of the script.[102] In 2013, Colin Trevorrow was announced as a director and co-writer,[103][104] with the film scheduled for release on June 12, 2015.[105] The film was shot in Univisium 2.00:1.[106] It grossed over $1.6 billion worldwide and received generally positive reviews.[107][108][109]
The film features a new park, Jurassic World, built on the remains of the original park on Isla Nublar.[110] The film sees the park run by Simon Masrani (Irrfan Khan) and Masrani Corp, and features the return of Dr. Henry Wu (BD Wong) from the first film.[111] Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, and Jake Johnson star, while Vincent D’Onofrio portrayed the main antagonist, Vic Hoskins. The cast also includes Lauren Lapkus,[112] Ty Simpkins, Nick Robinson, Omar Sy, and Judy Greer. The primary dinosaur antagonist is Indominus rex, a genetically-modified hybrid of Tyrannosaurus rex and several other species, including Velociraptor, cuttlefish, tree frog, and pit viper. The Indominus Rex also features a chameleon-like camouflage ability, which was a plot element from the second Crichton novel unused in previous films.[113][114]
Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) [ edit ]
A sequel to Jurassic World was released on June 22, 2018.[115][116] The film was directed by J. A. Bayona and written by Trevorrow and Connolly,[116][117] with Trevorrow and Spielberg as executive producers.[116] The film stars Chris Pratt, Bryce Dallas Howard, Rafe Spall, Justice Smith, Daniella Pineda, James Cromwell, Toby Jones, Ted Levine, BD Wong, Isabella Sermon, and Geraldine Chaplin, with Jeff Goldblum reprising his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm.[118]
During early conversations on Jurassic World, Spielberg told Trevorrow that he was interested in having several more films made.[119] In April 2014, Trevorrow announced that sequels to Jurassic World had been discussed: “We wanted to create something that would be a little bit less arbitrary and episodic, and something that could potentially arc into a series that would feel like a complete story”.[120] Trevorrow, who said he would direct the film if asked,[120] later told Spielberg that he would only focus on directing one film in the series.[119] Trevorrow believed that different directors could bring different qualities to future films.[121] Bayona was once considered to direct Jurassic World, but he declined as he felt there was not enough time for production.[122] Filming took place from February to July 2017, in the United Kingdom and Hawaii.[118][123][124]
Former Jurassic World manager Claire Dearing and Velociraptor handler Owen Grady join a mission to rescue Isla Nublar’s dinosaurs from a volcanic eruption by relocating them to a new island sanctuary. They discover that the mission is part of a scheme to sell the captured dinosaurs on the black market in order to fund his party’s genetic research. The captured dinosaurs are brought to an estate in northern California, where several of the creatures are auctioned and subsequently shipped to their new owners. A new hybrid dinosaur, the Indoraptor (one of the primary antagonists of the film), escapes and terrorizes people at the estate, forcing Owen and Claire to survive the chaos and rampage in the estate. A subplot about human cloning was introduced in the film. Fallen Kingdom, similar to the second installment, The Lost World, re-explores the themes about the aftermath of the dinosaur park’s demise on Isla Nublar and dinosaurs being used for exploitation by humans. The film grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, and received mixed reviews from critics.[125][126][127]
Jurassic World Dominion (2022) [ edit ]
Jurassic World Dominion was released on June 10, 2022.[128] It was directed by Trevorrow, with a screenplay written by him and Emily Carmichael, based on a story by Trevorrow and Connolly. Trevorrow and Spielberg serve as executive producers for the film, with Frank Marshall and Patrick Crowley as producers.[129][130][131] The film stars Chris Pratt and Bryce Dallas Howard, returning from the previous Jurassic World films. Sam Neill, Laura Dern and Jeff Goldblum also reprise their characters for major roles,[132] marking the trio’s first film appearance together since the original Jurassic Park film.[133][134] In addition, Daniella Pineda, Justice Smith, Isabella Sermon, and Omar Sy reprise their roles from the previous two films.[135][136] Other actors include Mamoudou Athie,[137] DeWanda Wise,[138] Dichen Lachman, and Scott Haze.[139][140] Campbell Scott portrays the character Lewis Dodgson from the first film, originally played by Cameron Thor.[141]
Planning for the film dates to 2014.[142][117] Trevorrow and Carmichael were writing the script as of April 2018.[143] Trevorrow said the film would focus on the dinosaurs that went open source after being sold and spread around the world in Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom, allowing people other than Dr. Henry Wu to create their own dinosaurs.[11][144][30] Trevorrow stated that the film would be set around the world, and said that the idea of Henry Wu being the only person who knows how to create a dinosaur was far-fetched “after 30 years of this technology existing” within the films’ universe.[144] Additionally, the film would focus on the dinosaurs that were freed at the end of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,[11][144][30] but it would not depict dinosaurs terrorizing cities and going to war against humans; Trevorrow considered such ideas unrealistic. Instead, Trevorrow was interested in a world where “dinosaur interaction is unlikely but possible—the same way we watch out for bears or sharks”.[145][146] Certain scenes and ideas regarding the integration of dinosaurs into the world were ultimately removed from the Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom script to be saved for the third film.[144][30]
Filming locations included Canada, England’s Pinewood Studios, and the country of Malta.[128][147] Jurassic World Dominion began filming in February 2020,[128] but was put on hiatus several weeks later as a safety precaution due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[148] Production later resumed that July, with numerous health precautions in place, including COVID-19 testing and social distancing.[149] Filming wrapped four months later.[128] Jurassic World Dominion uses more animatronics than the previous films. The animatronic dinosaurs were created by John Nolan and his team.[150][151][152] It is also the first film in the series to feature feathered dinosaurs.[153][154] The film is set four years after the events of Fallen Kingdom, with dinosaurs now living alongside humans around the world. It follows Owen Grady and Claire Dearing as they embark on a rescue mission, while Alan Grant and Ellie Sattler reunite with Ian Malcolm to expose a conspiracy by the genomics corporation Biosyn, a once rival of the defunct InGen. Jurassic World Dominion has grossed over $960 million worldwide but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics.[155][156][157]
Future [ edit ]
Jurassic World Dominion concludes the second film trilogy as well as the storyline that began in the original trilogy,[158][159][160] although future films in the franchise have not been ruled out. Marshall said in May 2020 that Jurassic World Dominion would mark “the start of a new era”, in which humans have to adjust to dinosaurs being on the mainland.[161] Marshall reiterated in January 2022 that there could be more films: “We’re going to sit down, and we’re going to see what the future is”.[159]
Trevorrow, noting that he spent nine years working on the Jurassic World trilogy, said in May 2022 that he would likely not return for another film, except in a possible advisory role.[162] He expressed interest in having Howard direct a future film.[163] He also suggested that several characters introduced in Dominion could return for future installments, including Kayla Watts (portrayed by DeWanda Wise), Ramsay Cole (Mamoudou Athie), and Soyona Santos (Dichen Lachman).[164][165] Pratt and Howard do not expect to reprise their roles again,[166] and Neill said Dominion would be the last film for Dern, Goldblum and himself.[167]
Short films [ edit ]
As of 2022, two short films have been released. Both take place between Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom and Jurassic World Dominion, and are considered canon with the film series.

Battle at Big Rock (2019) [ edit ]
Battle at Big Rock is the first live-action short film in the franchise, and was released on September 15, 2019. The eight-minute film was directed by Colin Trevorrow,[168] and was co-written by him and Emily Carmichael. The film stars André Holland, Natalie Martinez, Melody Hurd, and Pierson Salvador.[168][169]
The film is set one year after the events of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom. In the film, a family goes on a camping trip at the fictional Big Rock National Park in northern California, approximately 20 miles from where dinosaurs from Fallen Kingdom were let loose. The film chronicles the first major confrontation between humans and the dinosaurs.[168]
Jurassic World Dominion prologue (2021) [ edit ]
A five-minute Jurassic World Dominion prologue was released in 2021, serving as the franchise’s second live-action short film. It was originally intended as the film’s opening sequence before being removed from the final cut. It features a prehistoric segment showcasing dinosaurs in their natural habitats, then cuts to the present day as a cloned T. rex wreaks havoc at a drive-in theater.[170][171]
Television [ edit ]
Lego animated projects [ edit ]
Lego produced various CGI-animated projects, including the two-part television special Lego Jurassic World: The Secret Exhibit, which aired on NBC on November 29, 2018.[172] A 13-episode miniseries, Lego Jurassic World: Legend of Isla Nublar, premiered in 2019. It was broadcast on Family Channel in Canada and on Nickelodeon in the U.S.[173][174]
Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous (2020–2022) [ edit ]
Season Episodes Originally released 1 8 September 18, 2020 ( ) 2 8 January 22, 2021 ( ) 3 10 May 21, 2021 ( ) 4 11 December 3, 2021 ( ) 5 12 July 21, 2022 ( )

Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous is a CGI-animated series that debuted on Netflix in 2020. It is a joint project between Netflix, Universal Studios, Amblin Entertainment and DreamWorks Animation. Scott Kreamer and Lane Lueras are the showrunners, and executive produce the series with Spielberg, Marshall, and Trevorrow, while Zack Stentz serves as consulting producer. The series is set during the events of the Jurassic World trilogy, and is about a group of six teenagers attending an adventure camp on Isla Nublar. When the park’s dinosaurs escape, the teenagers are stranded and must work together to escape the island.[175] The series premiered globally on Netflix on September 18, 2020 and ran for five seasons, concluding on July 21, 2022. It consists of 49 episodes. The voice cast includes Paul-Mikél Williams, Jenna Ortega, Ryan Potter, Raini Rodriguez, Sean Giambrone, Kausar Mohammed, Jameela Jamil, and Glen Powell.[176][177]
Live-action series [ edit ]
A live-action television series based on the Jurassic World films was reportedly in development as of March 2020.[178][179][180] However, Marshall said two years later that such a series had not been discussed, and that his focus was on the films. Speaking about Camp Cretaceous, Marshall said: “I think that’s plenty for now”.[181]
Cancelled projects [ edit ]
Escape from Jurassic Park [ edit ]
In June 1993, after the theatrical release of Jurassic Park, spokesmen for Amblin and MCA confirmed that an animated series based on the film was in development and awaiting Spielberg’s final approval.[182] The series, titled Escape from Jurassic Park,[183] would have consisted of 23 episodes for its first season. The series would have centered on John Hammond’s attempts to finish Jurassic Park and open it to the public, while InGen’s corporate rival Biosyn is simultaneously planning to open their own dinosaur theme park in Brazil, which ultimately ends with their dinosaurs escaping into the jungles.[184][185][186]
If produced, it was believed that the project would be the most expensive animated series up to that time. Jeff Segal, president of Universal Cartoon Studios, said: “We are developing a TV series that we anticipate would be computer animated and very sophisticated. However, Spielberg has not had a chance yet to look at either the material or the format for the series”.[182] Segal said Universal was considering the possibility of developing the series for prime time, also commenting about the series’ storyline: “It would essentially pick up from the closing moments of the movie and it would continue the story in a very dramatic way. The intention would be to continue with the primary characters and also introduce new characters”. Segal also said the series would be aimed specifically at the same target audience as the film, while hoping that it would also appeal to young children.[182]
Animation veteran and comic artist Will Meugniot (then working at Universal Cartoon Studios for various projects, including Exosquad) contacted artist William Stout to ask if he would be interested in designing the animated series. According to Stout: “This was not going to be a kiddy show (although kids of all ages, including myself, could enjoy it). They wanted the show to be a mature prime time series with top writers and state-of-the-art television animation augmented with quite a bit of CG animation”. Universal Animation Studios wanted the show to have the look of a graphic novel.[187]
Stout was hired to work on the series and subsequently made a trailer to demonstrate how the series would look, and how it would combine traditional animation with computer animation. The series required Spielberg’s final approval before it could go into production. However, Spielberg had grown tired of the massive promotion and merchandise revolving around the film, and never watched the trailer.[187] On July 13, 1993, Margaret Loesch, president of the Fox Children’s Network, confirmed that discussions had been held with Spielberg about an animated version of the film. Loesch also said: “At least for now and in the foreseeable future, there will not be an animated Jurassic Park. That’s Steven Spielberg’s decision, and we respect that decision”.[188]
Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect [ edit ]
Part three of the four-part comic adaptation of The Lost World: Jurassic Park, published by Topps Comics in July 1997, confirmed to readers that a cartoon series based on the film was in development.[189][190] It was commissioned by Spielberg and would be developed by DreamWorks Animation.[191] In November 1997, it was reported that the cartoon would be accompanied by Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect, a series of dinosaur toys produced by Kenner and based on a premise that scientists had created dinosaur hybrids consisting of DNA from different creatures.[192][193] The new toys were based on the upcoming cartoon.[192] It was also reported that the cartoon could be ready by March 1998, as a mid-season replacement.[192] The Chaos Effect toyline was released in June 1998,[193] but the animated series was never produced, for unknown reasons.[194]
Cast and crew [ edit ]
Principal cast [ edit ]
List indicator(s) This section shows characters who will appear or have appeared in the franchise. An empty, dark grey cell indicates the character was not in the film, or that the character’s official presence has not yet been confirmed.

C indicates a cameo role.

O indicates an older version of the character.

P indicates an appearance in onscreen photographs.

V indicates a voice-only role.

Additional crew [ edit ]
Reception [ edit ]
Box office performance [ edit ]
Film North American

release date Budget Box office gross Box office ranking Reference North America Other territories Worldwide All-time

North America All-time

worldwide Jurassic Park June 11, 1993 $63 million $404,214,720 $695,484,283 $1,099,699,003 #40 #32 [200] The Lost World: Jurassic Park May 23, 1997 $73 million $229,086,679 $389,552,320 $618,638,999 #162 #168 [201] Jurassic Park III July 18, 2001 $93 million $181,171,875 $187,608,934 $368,780,809 #267 #379 [202] Jurassic World June 12, 2015 $150 million $653,406,625 $1,018,130,819 $1,671,537,444 #9 #7 [203] Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom June 22, 2018 $170 million $417,719,760 $892,746,536 $1,310,466,296 #31 #17 [204] Jurassic World Dominion June 10, 2022 $185 million $373,103,750 $601,418,000 $974,521,750 #50 #52 [205] Total $734 million $2,258,703,409 $3,784,940,892 $6,043,644,301 [206][201][202][203][204][205]
Critical and public response [ edit ]
Each film is linked to the “Critical response” section of its article

Accolades [ edit ]
Award Category Film Jurassic Park The Lost World:

Jurassic Park Academy Award Sound Editing Won Academy Award Sound Mixing Won Academy Award Visual Effects Won Nominated Grammy Award Best Score Soundtrack Nominated Nominated

Music [ edit ]
Merchandise and other media [ edit ]
Toys [ edit ]
For the 1993 film, Kenner produced a line of action figures and dinosaurs,[220] marketed with the slogan, “If it’s not ‘Jurassic Park’, it’s extinct”.[221][222] Paleontologist Jack Horner, who offered his advice for the film’s dinosaurs, was also hired as a scientific advisor for the dinosaur toys.[223] Kenner had two years to develop the toys, which sold successfully.[224] Dakin also produced stuffed dinosaurs based on the film.[220]
Kenner produced another toy line for the 1997 sequel.[225] The company also released Jurassic Park: Chaos Effect a year later.[226][227] The toy line’s premise involved scientists who had created new dinosaur species by combining the DNA of existing dinosaurs.[228][229][230]
Kenner’s parent company, Hasbro, took over toy production for Jurassic Park III, released in 2001.[231] At that time, Playskool also released a toy line aimed at young children, under the name Jurassic Park Junior.[232][233] Jurassic Park III toys were also released under the Lego Studios brand.[234][235] Hasbro also created a toy line for Jurassic World.[236][237] Some of the toy dinosaurs had been referred to on packaging as males, despite being females in the film. This drew some criticism which accused Hasbro of catering solely to a male demographic.[238][239] Hasbro updated the pronouns shortly after the toy line’s release.[240] The Lego Jurassic World line was also released in 2015.

In 2016, Mattel took the toy license from Hasbro, in a deal which started one year later.[241][242][243] Mattel produced various toys for Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom,[244] including dinosaurs, action figures,[245][246] and Barbie dolls.[247] Mattel’s dinosaur toys included symbols which could be scanned with a cell phone, providing facts about each animal through a mobile app known as Jurassic World Facts.[246][248] Lego and Funko also created toys based on the film.[249][250] In addition, Mattel released the Jurassic World Legacy Collection, which included toys based on characters and dinosaurs from the Jurassic Park trilogy.[251][252]
In 2019, Mattel unveiled the Amber Collection, a toy line of posable characters and dinosaurs[253] that had been featured in the first film.[254][255][256][257] A year later, the company released toys based on Jurassic World Camp Cretaceous.[258][259] In February 2021, Mattel and Target partnered to sell a line of toys custom-made by the fan site Jurassic Outpost.[260] The Amber Collection continued into 2021,[261] and a new series of toys, known as the Hammond Collection, was released in 2022.[262]
Board games [ edit ]
Board games were released by Milton Bradley for the first two Jurassic Park films.[263][264][265][266] Hasbro and Milton Bradley also released two board games for Jurassic Park III.[232][267][268]
Jurassic Park: Danger!, released by Ravensburger in 2018, pits humans and dinosaurs against each other.[269] Meanwhile, Mondo was working on a board game to be known as Jurassic Park: The Chaos Gene,[270][271][272] although it was canceled during development.[273] In 2019, Mondo announced that characters and dinosaurs from the Jurassic Park franchise would be released as playable characters for its Unmatched board game.[274] The first set of characters was released in 2020.[275]
In 2021, Hasbro released a version of Monopoly based on the original Jurassic Park film.[276][277] Jurassic World: The Legacy of Isla Nublar is a legacy board game scheduled to release in October 2022. It was designed by Funko’s design studio, Prospero Hall.[278]
Comics [ edit ]
Topps Comics [ edit ]
From June 1993 to August 1997, the now-defunct Topps Comics published comic adaptations of Jurassic Park and The Lost World: Jurassic Park, as well as several tie-in series.

IDW Comics [ edit ]
Beginning in June 2010, IDW Publishing began publishing Jurassic Park comics. They also acquired the rights to reprint the issues published by Topps in the 1990s, which they began to do in trade paperback format starting in November 2010. After a four-year hiatus, IDW announced a comic series based on Jurassic World that was to be released in 2017.[280]
This series has been collected in the following trade paperbacks:

Title Material collected No. of pages ISBN Jurassic Park Jurassic Park #1–4 128 pages 1-85286-502-4 The Lost World: Jurassic Park The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1–4 96 pages 1-85286-885-6 Jurassic Park Vol. 1: Redemption Jurassic Park Redemption #1–5 120 pages 1-60010-850-4 Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert Jurassic Park: The Devils in the Desert #1–4 104 pages 1-60010-923-3 Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games Jurassic Park: Dangerous Games #1–5 112 pages 1-61377-002-2 Classic Jurassic Park Volume 1 Jurassic Park #1–4 104 pages 1-60010-760-5 Classic Jurassic Park Volume 2: Raptors’ Revenge Juassic Park #0, Jurassic Park: Raptor #1–2, Jurassic Park: Raptors Attack #1–4 192 pages 1-60010-885-7 Classic Jurassic Park Volume 3: Amazon Adventure! Jurassic Park: Raptors Hijack #1–4, Jurassic Park Annual #1 124 pages 1-61377-042-1 Classic Jurassic Park Volume 4: Return to Jurassic Park Part 1 Return to Jurassic Park #1–4 128 pages 1-61377-117-7 Classic Jurassic Park Volume 5: Return to Jurassic Park Part 2 Return to Jurassic Park #5–9 108 pages 978-1613775332 Classic Jurassic Park Volume 6: The Lost World The Lost World: Jurassic Park #1–4 104 pages 978-1613779156

Motion comic series [ edit ]
In late 2019, a Jurassic World motion comic series was released by Universal on YouTube. The four-part series is set after the events of Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom and explores various dinosaur attacks throughout the world.[285][286][287]
Video games [ edit ]
Since 1993, numerous Jurassic Park video games have been produced. To accompany the release of the first film, Sega and Ocean Software published several different games for various consoles, including the NES and Sega Genesis. In 1994, Ocean produced a game sequel titled Jurassic Park 2: The Chaos Continues, while Sega released Jurassic Park: Rampage Edition. In addition, Universal Interactive Studios produced Jurassic Park Interactive for the 3DO system.

In 1997, several games were released for the second film in the franchise, including some by DreamWorks Interactive. A subsequent game, Trespasser, was released as a “digital sequel” to The Lost World: Jurassic Park. The player assumes the role of Anne, who is the sole survivor of a plane crash on InGen’s “Site B” one year after the events of the film. It was released for Microsoft Windows in 1998. The third film spawned six video games for PC and Game Boy Advance. A number of lightgun arcade games were also released for all three films.

Jurassic Park: Operation Genesis was released in 2003. The objective is to fulfill Hammond’s dream of building a five-star theme park with dinosaurs.

Jurassic Park: The Game is an episodic video game that takes place during and after the events of the original film. It follows a new group of survivors trying to escape Isla Nublar. It was developed by Telltale Games in a deal with Universal[288] and was released in 2011.

Lego Jurassic World is a 2015 action-adventure video game developed by Traveller’s Tales and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It follows the plots of the series’ first four films.

Jurassic World Evolution is a business simulation game developed and published by Frontier Developments and released in 2018. The game tasks players with constructing and managing their own Jurassic World theme park. The game features the series’ fictional Muertes Archipelago, including Isla Nublar and Isla Sorna.[289] A sequel, Jurassic World Evolution 2, was released in 2021.[290]
Attractions [ edit ]
Theme park rides [ edit ]
Several water rides based on the series have opened at Universal’s theme parks. On June 21, 1996, Universal Studios Hollywood opened Jurassic Park: The Ride. Universal Studios Japan later opened this attraction, and Universal’s Islands of Adventure opened Jurassic Park River Adventure. The rides are heavily themed on the first three films. Another ride based on the series has also been opened at Universal Studios Singapore (Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure). In 2018, Jurassic Park: The Ride at Universal Studios Hollywood closed for preparations to become Jurassic World: The Ride, which opened on July 12, 2019. A roller coaster, known as VelociCoaster, opened at Universal’s Islands of Adventure in June 2021.[291]
Exhibitions [ edit ]
In June 1993, the American Museum of Natural History in New York debuted The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park, an exhibition featuring dinosaurs that were created for use in the first film. The exhibition opening coincided with the film.[292][293] Other museums were threatened with legal action for using the word “Jurassic” in exhibit titles.[294]
A travelling exhibition, The Lost World: The Life and Death of Dinosaurs, went on tour in 1997. The exhibit was produced in connection with the second film, and its centerpiece was a 70-foot-long recreation of a Mamenchisaurus, a dinosaur featured in the film.[295][296][297][298]
Another travelling exhibit, The Dinosaurs of Jurassic Park and The Lost World,[nb 4] went on tour in 1998. It was created by Don Lessem, and featured dinosaurs that were made for the first two films, as well as sets and props, and a video narrated by Jeff Goldblum.[301][302][303] It also featured the 70-foot Mamenchisaurus.[299] The exhibit was ongoing as of 2001.[300]
Jurassic Park: The Life and Death of Dinosaurs was an exhibition that traveled around the United States during 2002. It was also created by Lessem and included dinosaur sculptures from the films, as well as cast skeletons and fossils.[304][305][306]
In 2001,[307] Universal Studios and Amblin Entertainment created the Jurassic Park Institute, an educational program that included a website, as well as travelling dinosaur exhibits in later years.[308][309][310] The exhibit toured in Japan under the name Jurassic Park Institute Tour,[311][312][313] and a video game, Jurassic Park Institute Tour: Dinosaur Rescue, was released to accompany it.[314] The tour, designed by Thinkwell Design & Production,[315] won a Thea award in 2005 for Outstanding Achievement.[316]
Jurassic World: The Exhibition was located at the Melbourne Museum in Australia for six months during 2016.[317][318][319] The travelling exhibition was also held in 2017, at the Franklin Institute in Philadelphia,[320][321] and at the Field Museum in Chicago.[322][323] A new North American tour was launched in 2021,[324] starting in Texas.[325][326]
Live show [ edit ]
A live show, titled Jurassic World Live, started touring in 2019.

Notes [ edit ]

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